Turbine.



D. S. COLE.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.21, 1910. RENEWED JAN. 2, 1912. 1,0$3 7,440..

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.'

Patented Sept. 3, 1912.

D.- S. COLE. TURBINE. APPLICATION FILED MAR.21, 1910. RENEWED JAN. 2,1912.

Patented Sept. 3, 1912.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

wi/bneoow A UNITED STATES PATENT o E o I TURBINE.

To all whom it may dancemr- I Be it known that L'Dwioirr Si COLE, a

citizen-:of the United States of America, re

enable others skilled in the art to which it.

appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in turbine engines, and moreparticularly' to the type of such engines known as radial 15* flow. 7

The objects of my invention are to provide a mechanism for .the purposewhich is simple, cheap and easy to construct, durable and efiicient inoperation, and in which the flowing elastic fluid exertsn'o axial orend- :wis'e pressure uponth'e rotor or its shaft. 'lheseand otherobjects of my invention will more fully-appear from the followingdescription. a

I My invention consists essentiall" of the various novel -features ofconstruction, combination, and'arrangementof parts hereinafter morefully described and particularly pointed out in the claims, referencebeing 80' trating a device embodying my invention,

had to .the accompanying drawings illus- Eand the bestmode contemplatedby me of applying my invention inpractice.

-..-:An' engine constructed in accordance with my invention, comprises acasing having inlet and outlet pipe connections for conveying the steamor other elastic fluid into and out of its interior; bearings for ashaft; a

shaft in the bearings and passing through the casing; a rotor within thecasing secured. to. and carried by the shaft; annular rows'of vanes orbuckets upon and secured to ibothside faces of the'rotor disk adjacentits "eriphery; a nozzle or nozzles, fixed to an leading from a steamsupply chamber inithe casing, in close proximity to the inner openingsor inlets of one of the annular rows of vanes or buckets of the rotor,and adapted to discharge the fluid" into the saidvrow of buckets; amultiplicity, of guide vanes or passages formed'in the inner face of thecircumferential Wall of the casing, or in a part secured'therein,exterior to the periphery of the-rotor and adapted toreceivethe fluid,as it flows radially from the buckets on one side of the rotor, andguide it in a curved Specification of Letters Patent. iPatentefl Sept; 3191 1- Aiaplicatidnfilcd-March.21, 1910, Serial No. 550,629. Itenewed.lanuary '2, emf-agar iv d ssfgiesf f posite face and at the,

path through a turn =2 degrees, or until-it flows inwardly st-antiallyradial. direction intotlie; another annular SQIIGS of bucketsgonAdditional sets of guideva nes, adjacent, the side faces of the rotorand-,attac hed 'tp' or carried by the casing, maybe empl oyed to guidethe flowing stream of steam.

additional annular rows of bucketsseeu r'ed to or formed upon the side,faces,offthe extent that may be found mostsatisfactoryd In the preferredembodiment t -my: i11

'rotor to increase the compounding vention, the rotor is constructed,ofiwollifsks,

of comparatively thin plates, of. me t-al, l,of;

substantially the same dimensions and;foiin;

which are oppositely offset=and-spaced;ap,art near their peripheries andsecured-firmlyjto get-her and to a hub-pieceby frive t-s and haveannular rows of buckets on tl1e;side

faces thereof attached thereto bynsuitable means. In one alternativeconstruction the rotor is constructed'ofa single disk of compa-rativelyheavy plate metal properly 7 formed for having the annular. roivs obuckets secured thereto by insertingthe mounting portion of the bucketsi n,closely fitting annular dovetail grooves or chana rels formed in theside faces of the rotor a In another alternative construction the rotoris likewise formed of a singlendiskpf comparatively heavy plate metalofproper form having the annular. rows of buckets secured thereto on itsside faces bythrough rivets of proper-form, using buckets having thesame form of mounting portion and otherwise like or similar to thebuckets em,

ployed with the first mentionedl type kit w rotor construction. Thebuckets of the rotor in mydnvent-io'n are designed to be madeofsuitableshccfi metal formed and trimmed tov shape; for

mounting by the action of suitabledieafand the sh ape of the severalparts of the buckets is such that portions of each bucketofa 'rpwaccurately 'fit and securely interlock w1t h adjacent portionsoftheirnmediatelypfeceding and immediately following buckets,

of the same row, so as to vform practically tight side Walls to thebuckets to preyent steam loss therethro'ugh and also to rig' d lysupport the buckets in position againstd splacement by the centrifugalstressegproduced by high rotational velocities.

embodiment of my invention that the guide passages exterior totheperiphery of the motor be formed by; milling into the solid metal ofthe. inner face of a hoop, ring, or segment of suitable-metal properlymounted in the casing. The preferred construction also embodies formingand mounting the side sets of guide vanes'iii substantially'the samem'am cr as that employed in forming and mounting the buckets of therotor.

, I Referring now'tothedrawings: Figure lf a partial centrallongitudinal section of 17a tuii ise-a section on the' line )l he engineembodying" my. invention; 2-2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 a section pn the line ofF ig. 1; Fi 4 a detail in section on the line 4-4: of i 3; Figs. 5, 6,and '2' enlarged views of a bucketf the rotor in different positions;Fig. 8 an inner face-view of-a portion of the return; guide vanesa-udpassages secured to the 'casingfopposite the peripheryof the rotor;Fig-9 acen'tr'al vertical section on the line 9- -9 of Fig.8;- Fig. apartial central longitudinal section of a two-stage turbine eng neembodying my invention;

Fig.'- 11 a section on the -line 11-11 of Fig. 10 ;:.Fig. 12 a sectionon the line 12-12 of bucket similar-to that; shown by Figs," 5,6,

7 and -7, but having different; means ofsecuringit to the rotor disk;Fig. 15 a ,section on the, line 151-15 of'Fig. 13; and, Fig. 16

a partial section of :arotor disk and its buckets showing a modifiedmeans for attaching tho buckets thereto. Y

Like numbers refer to like parts in all of the figures. H a

1 is the main casing of the turbine; 2 is the supply pipe forthe steamor other elastic fluid; 3 is the pipe for the escape of the exhaust orwaste steam; 4 and 4 are the bearings for themain shaft 5; 6 is therotor disk; 7 is the hubby which the rotor disk 6 is mounted uponandsecured to the shaft; 8 is a stop or collar on the shaft 5; 9 is athread on the shaft Jwhich engages "the thread in the hub of the rotordisk 7 and 1 thus firmly secures the rotor upon the shaft;

10 is a heavy washer or flange which aids in more firmly securing thedisk of the rotor to its hub: 11 are the rivets which secure the rotordisk to the flange of its hub and to the flange or plate washer; 12, 13,and 14 are annular rows of buckets mounted on the side faces of therotor disk 6; 15 are the rivets which respectively secure the buckets12, 13, and 14 to the rotor disk and the guide vanes 23 tothe segment24:; 16 is the annular offset infthe plates, of therotor disk 6; 17 is apart to which the steam supply pipe 2 is connected, containing a steamchamber and secured to the casing 1 by the screws 18; 19 isv a nozzledischarging from the chamber part 17 toward the inlet open-.

It is also in accordance with the preferred place, being'provided withazconicallh to receive the countersunk head fcf;

ing of the row of buckets 12 of the'i-ot'or;

as'shown; 28 is the impulse receii'ir bervof the bucket; 29 isthc outering member of the buckehproject positely to the securing member 2? ant"the opposite side of the impulse -rctkiving member 28.

' In the two stage modification shown in Figs". 10 to 15 inclusive,IlSQiLlQCflSi llg; 2 the supply pipe; 3 the exhaasrpiiaeg i thebearings; 5 the shaft; 6a rotor; 7 a hub for the rotor; 8.21 stopcollar; 9 a screw thread; 10 a washer on thei-hub; 11 rivets;

12, 13, and 14 buckets secured to therotor; 15 rivets to secure-thebuckets to ,;tl e roto r and guide vanes '23 to theirsupport 2-1; allsubstantially as heretofore described in the single stage form of indevice; 3* 30 is a partition or iap-hra'gm which 'dirides the interiorof the casin jintogtw'o chambers; 17 is an annular distribution chamberwhich conducts the steam from the supply pipe to an annular series ofnozzles 19" of the first or high pressure sta e; 31 is the chamber inwhich the rotor and the other parts of the high pressure or first stagemechanism are located; 32 is the disk of thefirst stage rotor; 33 is ahub which'secures the rotordisk 32 to the shaft on which it is mounted;34 is a nut engaging a thread 35 on the shaft 5 to fix the rotorhubonthe shaft; 36, 37, and 38 are annular rows of its buckets secured to theside'faces of thefro tor disk 32; '21" is a continuous annular series ofreverse guide vanes, formed in'a ring 20, identical in character andlocation to the guide vanes 210i Fig. 1; 22 is one of the screws whichsecures the ring 20 to the casing; 39 is an annular rowof' guide vanesopposite the side of the rotor disk 24 is an annular plate uponwhich'the-row of guide vanes 39 ismounted, this plate being secured inposition in the casing by clamping it between the ring 20 and-thediaphragm 30; 40 is an annular row of nozzles, in the partition ordiaphragm 30, which discharge the steam from'the chamber 31 into theannular row of buckets 12 on the-rotor 6 in the second or low pressiirestage of the machine; 43 is a spacing 's leere on the shaft 5 betweenthe hubs of the-two menace rotors; leis a suitable packing, as carbon,in the opening where through the diaphragm 30.

4:1 is the chamber in which the-rotor of the low pressure or sec-orstage mechanism is located, which n inism. also in cludes an 'annularseri s of return guide vanes 21* in a ring and annular guide 'bucket inrespect to the fastening vmeans only, in which the members 24 arepreferably made narrower than the outer side closing member 28 and areprovided with dove-tail edges to enable them to bednserted in series inannular dovetail grooves in the rotor 32, as clearly shown in Fig. 10.

it will he noted that the securing member 27 of each'bucket is convex atthe free end to tit closelyagainstthe concave surface of the nextadjacent bucket, and that as-each member which are pre 9 bucket issecured in place, that sorta cc of the securing member which forms aside wall of the following. bucket, is fully exposed so that anyelevation of the rivet head or other imperfection of its surface mayreadily be removed before the following bucket is put in place. Alsothat the side closing member 29 is concave atits free end which fitsclosely against the convex surface of the of the next adjacentbucket.Thus when the buckets of an annular row are all in place, each passagetherethrough is closed onall four sides and smooth.

In operation, the steam or other elastic fluid supplied under pressuretolthe steam chamber 17, or 1?, as may be, and is charged through thenozzles (19, or 19", "ably of the usual expanding type and ti. sdischarge thesteam radially and tangentially at a high velocity into thefirst series of buckets 12, or 36,011 one side or: the rotor. The steamthence flows at high velocity into the return guide vanes 21 andt'romthem radially and tangentially inward into the buckets 13,01 37, on theoppo'site side of the rotor from the nozzles and thence between the sideguide vanes 23, or 39, to the inner series of buckets 14:, or 38, on therotor. Obviously the annular rows buckets on the sides of the rotor andthe annular rows of side guide vanesmay be repeated or duplicated oneither side ot the rotor, as may be warranted.

" It is also obvious that by the construction shown, single nozzle or amultiplicity of nozzles up to full. peripheral admission may be used, asillustrated by the multiple stage the shaft 5 passes,

construction herein shown. So also the number ot stages may be increasedas desired, thus providing a considerable range of powers with a givendiameter of rotor and case V The bucket having dovetail fastening meansand ports co-acting to secure the same are not claimed herein, but are.re

served for a separate application in accordance with requirement fordivision.

vVhat I claim is 1. A turbine engine, comprising two disk.-rotors,buckets on opposite sides of each of the said rotors, a caseinclosing the rotors and having a partition between the rotors,

a nozzle in the case to admit steam radially to the first rotor, anozzle in the partition to admitsteam to the second rotor, and returnguide vanes opposite the periphery of each rotor to radially return thesteam escaping vtrom one side of each rotor to the other side of thesame.

2. A turbine engine, comprising a case having-a partition thereindividing the same into two separate compartments, a disk rotor in eachcompartment, buckets on each side oi each rotor, nozzles in the case andpartition, to discharge steam radially outward into the buckets on oneside of each rotor and guide vanes opposite the periphcry of each rotorto return steam radially inward to the other side of each rotor.

A turbine engine, comprising a case having a partition dividing the sameinto separate compartments, a disk rotor in each compartment eachhaving'a single ser of. buckets on one side face and two ntric series ofbuckets on the other s line spaced apart, a nozzle in the case and anozzle in the partition each adapted to discharge steam radially outwardinto the first series of buckets of the respective rotor, guide vanes inthe case opposite the periphery of each rotor to return steam to theouter series of buckets on the other side of the respective rotor, andguide vanes between the concentric series of buckets of each rotor.

4. A turbine engine, comprising a disk rotor, asingle series of bucketson one side of the rotor, a nozzleto discharge steam outward throughsaid buckets, return guide vanes opposite the periphery of the rotor, aseries of buckets on the opposite side of the'rotor and opposite thefirst'named series oi-buckets to receive steam from the said guidevanes, a third series of 'buckets on the rotor and. spaced apart fromthe second series, and guide vanes between the sec- 0nd and third seriesof buckets. l

5. turbine engine, comprising a disk -rotor,v-a casing 'inclosmgthes'ame, a series oi buckets on one side of the rotor, a nozzlesupported-by the case near one side of the rotor and adapted -lischargesteam outward through said buckets, return guide vanes opposite theperiphery of the rotor, two concentric series of buckets on the otherside of the rotor and spaced apart, a series of guide vanes between thesaid two series of buckets, and an annular plate supportmg the guidevanes and secured to the case.

6. A turbine engine, comprising a casing,

a diaphragm in the casing,a disk rotor in each compartment oi: thecasing, an annular steam chamber in the casing, an annular'series ofnozzles in the saidchamber adapted to discharge steam outwardly, acircular series of buckets on the rotor surrounding the chamber andnozzles, a circular series 01" return .guide vanes surrounding therotor, two concentric series of buckets on the other side of the rotorand spaced apart, acircular plate clamped between the return guide vanesand the diaphragm side vanes on the plate, a circular series of nozzlesin the dia hra 'm return guide vanes, buckets on the rotor, side on theother side, a securing member ex tending from one side of said mi dlemember and convex at the end to fit the concave side of an adjacentbucket, and an outer member projecting from the other side of the middlemember and concave at the end to fit the convex side of an adjacentbucket.

9. turbine bucket, comprising a mid die member concave on one side andconvex on the other side, a fastening member projecting from one side ofthe said middle member and at right angles thereto perforated to receivea rivet and also convex on the end to fit the concave side of anadjacent bucket, and an outer side member having a concave end to fitthe convex side of an adjacent bucket.

10. A turbine bucket, comprising a member to receive'the impulse concaveon one side and convex on the other side, and a securing memberprojecting from the convex side of the said member at right anglesthereto and perforated to receive a rivet.

11. A turbine engine, comprising two sheet metal disks secured to eachother and having their crimes oppositely offsetand spaced. apart, and acircular series of buckets secured to the outer face of the ottsetportion of each disk.

'12. A turbine engine, comprising two sheet metal disks secured to eachother, a

hub in theaxis of the disks, a flange and a washer on the hub atopposite sides of, the disks, and rivets extending through the flange,the washer, and the disks.

13. A turbine engine, comprising two 7 sheet metal disks secured to eachother and having oppositely offset edges spaced apart, a circular seriesof buckets riveted to each disk, 'a nozzle to discharge steam outwardinto one series of buckets, and return guide vanes to. direct thesteaminward into the other series of buckets.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

DWIGHT s. COLE.

Witnesses GEORGIANA CHAGE, LUTHER V. MOULTON.

